The efs toolkit is the definitive source of instructions on how to administer and score the edmonton frail scale. Altman selfrating mania scale asrm 5 question scale to screen and stage severity of hypomaniamania young mania rating scale ymrs 11 question scale to grade the severity of mania patient health questionnaire4 phq4 ultrabrief screening for anxiety and depression edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 10 question screener for. Pdf validity and reliability of the edmonton frail scale. We aimed to determine the extent to which the frail instrument predicted geriatric trauma outcomes. Utility of the edmonton frail scale in identifying frail. Resources for the cga based proactive primary care of the elderly. Frailty has been proposed by geriatricians as an indicator of functional age. Inthira roopsawang, phd, rn, aprn medicalsurgical lecturer, ramathibodi school of nursing. Edmonton frail scale for ios free download and software. John a bachynsky edmonton, alberta as much as i hate to say it, i think mobility is still a key factor in defining frailty and the prevention of frailty the other one is mental attitude towards health and we are seeing a societal shift towards. A simple frailty questionnaire frail predicts outcomes in middle aged african americans.
Reports were made by the patient if cognitively intact, or by a collateral source if the patient. The edmonton frail scale is a tool to be used by the health professionals that help to easely assess the state of frailty of the older patients. The edmonton frail scale efs is a diagnostic tool designed to identify frail older people in clinical settings. The edmonton frail scale efs is a simple to perform frailty assessment that comprises of 10 questions and one physical assessment timed up and go. In the following text and in table 1 are summaries of the five items from the frail questionnaire, the sources instruments from which we obtained informationdata. The edmonton frail scale efs was developed to be practical and usable in the community setting or at the bedside. Reported edmonton frail scale alberta health services. Validity and reliability of the edmonton frail scale ncbi. We prospectively examined the efs as a predictor of adverse outcomes in older patients undergoing systemic cancer therapy. Clinical frailty scale i very fit people who are robust, aclive, energetic and motivated,these people commonly exercise regularly. A medical syndrome with multiple causes and contributors that is characterized by. Fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight and creates an acronym to facilitate utilization frail. We evaluated white elderly men and women in patients admitted to.
John a bachynsky edmonton, alberta as much as i hate to say it, i think mobility is still a key factor in defining frailty and the prevention of frailtythe other one is mental attitude towards health and we are seeing a societal shift towards. Because of the heterogeneity of frailty in clinical presentation, it is important to have effective strategies for the delivery of care that range across the continuum of frailty severity. Background the edmonton frail scale efs is a geriatric assessment tool. The edmonton frail scale efs was developed as a practical tool to be used by health care providers without specialized geriatrics training. Pdf use of the reported edmonton frail scale in the. Cognition, health, independence, performance, social, medications, nutrition, mood, and continence. Closed down nscp healthcare services in north somerset. F atigue r esistance ability to climb one flight of stairs a mbulation ability to walk one block i llnesses greater than 5 l oss of weight 5% frail scale morley, rolland, vellas. The research adopted a mixed methods approach using a survey tool developed to gather both qualitative and quantitative data from students at the completion of a structured aged care clinical placement. We prospectively enroled esrd patients between 2014 and 2015 and administered selfreport frailty instruments strawbridge questionnaire, edmonton frail scale efs, groningen frailty indicator gfi, tilburg frailty indicator, g8 questionnaire and frail scale, and cardiovascular health study chs scale, with two types of lfi calculated. The edmonton frail scaleefs was a valid measure of frailty compared to the clinical impression of geriatric specialists after their more. If the efi is not available, administer one of the following case finding tools in individuals age greater than 65 or living with agerelated decline.
Assessment of frailty short validated assessments frail scale fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, loss of weight morley et al. Frailty is a medical syndrome with multiple causes and contributors that is characterized by diminished strength, endurance, and reduced physiologic function that increases an individuals vulnerability for developing increased dependency andor death. Performance of edmonton frail scale on frailty assessment. Use of the reported edmonton frail scale in the assessment of. It measures level of frailty through questions and activities related to cognition, general health, functional independence, social support, medication use, nutrition, mood, continence and functional performance. Training course the efs training course is an online modular course that uses video segments and case simulation to demonstrate how to administer and score the efs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of edmonton frail scale efs on frailty assessment in association with multidimensional conditions assessed with specific screening tools and to explore the prevalence of frailty by gender. The efs had good construct validity, good reliability and acceptable internal consistency.
The efs was given to the patients to evaluate their frailty. Please imagine that this predrawn circle is a clock. Calculate is a nextgeneration clinical calculator and decision support tool freely available to the medical community. This app appears to be one of their only healthcare apps and can be used in dutch, french or english. Clinical frailty scale edmonton frail scale electronic frailty index where possible, the efi is the recommended instrument for case finding. Edmonton symptom assessment system revised esasr form. Often, they exercise or are very active occasionally, e,g. Darryl rolfson is a professor and specialist in geriatric medicine at the university of alberta in edmonton, alberta, canada. Frailty was developed over a decade ago as a concept describing the aging process as a biologicalphysiological state,1, 2 one concept being a multiple deficit model 1 whereas the other a description of a phenotype that excludes disability measures.
Frailty is a complex agerelated clinical condition characterised by a decline in physiological capacity across several organ systems, with a resultant increased susceptibility to stressors. The efs has been validated against comprehensive geriatric assessment cga, the current goldstandard for frailty assessment, and shown to be reliable and feasible for routine use by non. The reported edmonton frail scale refs hilmer et al. Nov 24, 2009 we developed the reported edmonton frail scale refs appendix i, using the same domains as the edmonton frail scale appendix ii, but substituting the observed get up and go with a report of physical function before the current illness. Frailty screening in the community using the frail scale. Edmonton symptom assessment system revised esas r 07903rev201508 no pain 012345678 9 10 worst possible pain no tiredness 012345678 9 10 worst possible tiredness lack of energy tiredness.
Validity and reliability of the edmonton frail scale. The edmonton frail scale improves the prediction of 30day. Use of the reported edmonton frail scale in the assessment. Even so, they seem stable and not at high risk of dying within 6 months. The efs is an efficient diagnostic tool comprising 10 domains to assess cognitive ability the clockdrawing test, mobility tug test, and fundamental daily activity.
Edmonton frail scale people with no training in geriatric assessment can use the edmonton frail scale. Not frail patients are defined by a score esas r 07903rev201508 no pain 012345678 9 10 worst possible pain no tiredness 012345678 9 10 worst possible tiredness lack of energy tiredness no drowsiness 012345678 9 10 worst possible drowsiness feeling sleepy drowsiness. Methods setting the study was made in northern italy. Evaluation of frailty status among older people living in urban communities by edmonton frail scale in wuhu, china. After a registrar assessment, the footofthe bed frailty assessment was independently repeated. Clinical frailty scale 1 very fit people who are robust, active, energetic and motivated.
We demonstrate its association with multidimensional geriatric conditions, with specific screening tools, such as mmse, adl, iadl, mna, gds, handgrip and barthel index. Often, they ex ercise or are very active occasionally, e,g. The refs evaluates holistically and is wellaligned with frieds conceptualization of frailty. The refs has the benefit of providing a quick, reliable measurement, and multidimensional health assessment. Moreover, the efs captures appropriately every single area of frailty. Utility of the edmonton frail scale in identifying frail elderly patients.
The edmonton frail scale medical app was created by create multimedia, a company based out of belgium. I think that the edmonton frail scale is something that everyone can adopt and get behind. A number of candidate tools for screening are available including the frailty phenotype model itself fried et al. To investigate whether the edmonton frail scale efs, a multidimensional frailty assessment tool, improves the prediction of 30day or inhospital mortality over the use of the european system for cardiac outcome risk evaluation euroscore ii alone. Evaluation of frailty status among older people living in. Getting started with the edmonton frail scale british geriatrics. Validity and reliability of the edmonton frail scale age. I would like you to place the numbers in the correct positions then place the hands to. Development and validation of a culturallysensitive instrument.
Validity and reliability of the edmonton frail scale article pdf available in age and ageing 355. Typically, they could not recover even from a minor illness. The frailty index for elders fife was developed to assess for frailty risk in older adults using items collected in existing nursing datasets. Rolfson and sumit ranjan majumdar and ross tsuyuki and adeel tahir and kenneth rockwood, journalage and ageing, year2006, volume35, pages526 529. The edmonton frail scale app cleverly calculates the valid and reliable edmonton frail scale for use at the poc, but fails to include much information on how best to use the score or the background on the evidence supporting the scale. The edmonton frail scaleefs was a valid measure of frailty compared to the clinical impression of geriatric specialists after their more comprehensive assessment. It is scored out of 17 and contains the following components.
Dubbo osteoporotic fracture risk assess risk of osteoporotic fracture edmonton frail scale simple tool to assess frailty in. The edmonton frail scale efs is a 15point incremental scale. The assessment of frailty in older people in acute care. This study shows the performance of edmonton frail scale on frailty assessment in clinical practice. Jan 04, 2017 the edmonton frail scaleefs was a valid measure of frailty compared to the clinical impression of geriatric specialists after their more comprehensive assessment. Inside, they often have problems with stairs and need help with bathing and might need minimal assistance cuing, standby with dressing. Participants completed a questionnaire which included the edmonton frail scale efs and sociodemographic factors. Our objective was to assess the validity and reliability of the edmonton frail scale efs in a sample referred for cga table 1.